Golnaz Modarresi Ghavami; Mohammad Dabir-Moghaddam; Mohsen Heidarizadi
Abstract
Linguistic typology is the systematic study of linguistic variation and word order is one of its main topics. In this paper, word order components are studied in the varieties of Kurdish, Laki, and Luri languages spoken in Chardawol, a geographical region located in the north of Ilam province in Iran. ...
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Linguistic typology is the systematic study of linguistic variation and word order is one of its main topics. In this paper, word order components are studied in the varieties of Kurdish, Laki, and Luri languages spoken in Chardawol, a geographical region located in the north of Ilam province in Iran. For this purpose, the 24 components used in Dabir-Moghaddam (1392) to determine word order status in languages were employed and examples were provided for each component for the 3 varieties in this study. Results showed a high degree of convergence between the 3 language varieties in the geographical region of Chardawol, which is itself a manifestation of 'regional typology'. A comparison of word order components in the 3 varieties with the languages of Europe-Asia showed that all 3 mainly behave as strong verb-medial languages (with 17 components out of 24). Verb-medial status of these languages was also confirmed in a comparison with world languages (19 components out of 24).
Fahimeh Khodaverdi; Golnaz Modarresi Ghavami; Mojtaba Monshizadeh
Abstract
This article accounts for the acoustic grounds of the diachronic lenition of Old Persian /k/ to [ʧ] and [z] in certain verbal (present tense) and nonverbal forms and to [x] in the past tense of the same verbs, in /V__ [a, e]/ and /V__[t]/ contexts respectively. In order to replicate the phonetic ...
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This article accounts for the acoustic grounds of the diachronic lenition of Old Persian /k/ to [ʧ] and [z] in certain verbal (present tense) and nonverbal forms and to [x] in the past tense of the same verbs, in /V__ [a, e]/ and /V__[t]/ contexts respectively. In order to replicate the phonetic context of these diachronic changes within the framework of laboratory phonology, present day Persian forms containing the same phonetic contexts were uttered twice by two male speakers of Persian and recorded and analyzed using the Praat software (version 5363). The results of the acoustic analysis of the recorded samples and Independent-Samples t-test indicated that [k] shows a high degree of fronting within the context of the stressed vowels [á, é]. At the same time, aspiration in intervocalic position motivates the spirantization/affrication of this consonant. Intervocalic fronted [c] and [ʧ] are acoustically similar to each other as well as to [ʃ] and [s]. The consonants [c] and [x] have certain common acoustic characteristics when they appear before [t]. Therefore, [c] is prone to be weakened and interpreted as a fricative/affricate in such contexts.
